Electricity awareness and consumer demand for information

With the envisioned growth in the residential electricity demand and increased share of intermittent renewables in the supply mix, consumers will need to be better informed about their electricity consumption and to play an active role in managing their electricity use. However, consumer inattention and lack of information are ubiquitous, especially in household energy‐related settings. Thus, using a novel survey and actual monthly electricity consumption data, this study set out to measure the level of awareness about electricity bills, prices and costs among some Finnish households—as captured by the answers to six questions—and to investigate whether higher levels of “electricity awareness” are associated with electricity savings. In addition, this study analyses the willingness to receive extra information about energy consumption and savings and how it differs between “electricity aware” and “electricity unaware” respondents. The results indicate low levels of “electricity awareness” among the respondents of the survey. Compared to the respondents with little knowledge about electricity bills, prices and costs, the respondents with higher levels of “electricity awareness” tend to consume less electricity. Higher levels of awareness about electricity use and consumption might “materialize” inconspicuous consumption patterns, as opposed to more general facts about the largely invisible environmental consequences of everyday practices. More than two‐thirds of the total number of respondents would like to receive additional information about energy consumption and how to save energy. However, there exists a significant portion of “electricity unaware” respondents who are not only unwilling to receive such information, but are also unaware of their own knowledge deficits. To maximize the impact of any information strategy, decision makers should attempt to engage with this type of consumer; by becoming more aware of their knowledge deficits, people might become more receptive to information that can benefit them.     

Sustainable efficiency drivers in Eurasian airports: Fuzzy NDEA approach based on Shannon's entropy

This research explores the physical infrastructure and flight consolidation efficiency drivers of Eurasian airports regarding their infrastructure and movement productivity levels. A novel Fuzzy Double-Frontier Network DEA (FDFNDEA) model is proposed to investigate the relationship between desirable (freight and passenger turnovers) and undesirable (pollutant emission levels due to aircraft movements) outputs against the respective infrastructure usage, fuel consumed, and movements performed at each of the 23 Eurasian airports from 2000 to 2018. This balance between desirable and undesirable outputs emerges spatially and temporally due to the evolution of the airport system's productive resources at each one of the Eurasian countries over the period observed. Shannon's entropy is used as the cornerstone to quantify the input and output vagueness of this evolution in Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFN), thus allowing the accurate building of alternative optimistic and pessimistic double-frontier efficiency. Differently from previous research, Shannon's entropy is the key for measuring input and output vagueness levels in light of the maximal entropy principle. This principle states that the distribution that best represents the current state of knowledge is the one with largest entropy. Maximal entropy yields bias-free decision-making in the sense that the input/output distributional profiles for Eurasian airports contain the maximal possible heterogeneity, working as a robust or best/worst-case scenario against eventual unconsidered assumptions. Hence, optimistic and pessimistic Malmquist Productivity Indexes (MPI) for overall and each stage productivity results are subsequently regressed against contextual variables related to airport characteristics and regional socio-demographic and economic indicators of each Eurasian country using bootstrapped Cauchy regressions. The findings revealed the spatial heterogeneity of productivity factors and airport performance across Eurasia. Results also demonstrated the negative impact of income inequality and the positive impact of private participation on technological progression in the Eurasian airport industry.     

Which Products are More Responsive to In-Store Displays: Utilitarian or Hedonic?

In-store displays aim to boost sales of both utilitarian and hedonic products. Noting typical differences in the information processing and purchase behavior evoked by these product types, and building on congruency theory principles, the authors propose that different types of in-store displays (i.e., island, end-of-aisle, or shelf signage) are more appropriate for utilitarian versus hedonic products, and the use of price or product promotions might reinforce these effects. With a database that combines three data sources (scanner, observational, and survey), this article presents an analysis of a market share model at the SKU level. The results confirm that in-store displays have differential effects on sales, depending on their characteristics; congruency between the decision-making process of utilitarian versus hedonic products and the characteristics of in-store display types moderates their effectiveness in terms of SKU sales. Shelf signage strongly increases the sales of utilitarian products, whereas island and end-of-aisle displays increase sales of hedonic product categories more effectively. The use of congruent promotions creates synergistic influences that reinforce these effects. In particular, price promotions improve the impact of shelf signage on utilitarian products, and product promotions strengthen the impacts of island and end-of-aisle displays on hedonic products. These results extend prior research on in-store marketing actions and the nature of utilitarian versus hedonic products, as well as providing recommendations for retailers and manufacturers seeking to optimize their retail space and commercial budgets.     

上市公司股东不可撤销表决权委托研究——问题、挑战与监管

表决权是上市公司股东参与管理决策的重要方式。证券监管实践表明,不可撤销表决权委托既有规避股份限售和减持规则的动机,也有出于增强控制权转让交易中博弈弹性的考虑。表决权委托并非一项简单的债权债务法律关系,其合规性及对证券市场的影响需引起足够的重视。为规范上市公司股东不可撤销的表决权委托,本文建议:在信息披露监管方面,重点关注表决权委托对权益变动、控制权稳定性、投资者保护的影响;在制度规范方面,发布表决权委托示范协议指引等规则,明确表决权委托的关键要素和监管要求。     

一种基于孪生神经网络的深度异构网络嵌入算法

针对现有异构网络嵌入方法导致的捕获关系冗余和模糊的问题，提出了一种基于孪生神经网络的深度异构网络嵌入模型。首先，基于面向关系的深度嵌入(Relation-Oriented Deep Embedding，RODE)框架构建了异构网络嵌入模型，以区分同型节点和异型节点之间的关系；其次，将同型节点与异类节点之间的相似性近似到低维空间，通过构建多任务的孪生神经网络来实现节点之间结构和语义关系的深度嵌入；最后，选取四个数据集执行典型网络挖掘任务，并与其他六种算法进行实验对比分析。实验结果表明，保持相同类型节点之间的相似性有助于提高节点分类效率，且损失函数在提高异构网络嵌入质量方面具有良好的优越性；RODE模型能够有效提高稀疏网络的嵌入质量，且具有良好的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

大数据技术下消费者个人信用信息共享的治理机制

大数据技术下,消费者个人信用信息可以通过共享被加工成知识,从而促进消费者人格的发展以及征信等行业的升级。从本质来讲,信息共享发挥着知识服务的功能。然而,在云计算和区块链等大数据技术支持下,信息共享呈现出信息的集中收集与传输、分节点存储与利用特征,这在方便信息共享与知识服务的同时,造成了共享者组织有序与共享整体高效之间难以调和的矛盾,共享知识服务功能的实现由此受阻。在对我国治理共享实证资料进行文本分析、对现有共享治理机制效果进行测评的同时,重点借鉴欧美共享治理经验特别是英国沙箱监管模式,并运用知识治理理论进行研究发现,与我国现有治理机制相比,知识治理机制更适合化解当前面临的矛盾,有利于实现大数据技术下信息共享的知识服务功能。根据知识治理机制,我国宜加强对共享者准入与退出的外部监管,引导共享者自我完善内部组织并寻求彼此协作,以确保共享有序;同时提高消费者对共享的参与度,合理配置消费者和共享者对信息享有的权利,强化权利保护与侵权规制,激励信息共享高效开展。在知识治理机制实施过程中,治理者既要借助法律等正式制度的规制作用,也要借助行业自律规范的引导作用。在评估知识治理机制绩效时,要着重考察信息共享对相关行业发展的促进作用以及消费者对知识服务的满意度。     

中美玉米期货市场功能效率比较

价格发现与套期保值是期货市场的基本功能,能够反映期货市场的运行效率。通过对比中美贸易摩擦前后期货市场的价格发现和套期保值功能,分析中美玉米期货市场效率间的差距,探究我国玉米期货市场运行效率低的原因。利用格兰杰(Granger)因果分析、协整检验、分位信息份额模型、套期保值比率及绩效分析方法,定量对中美两国2013—2019年玉米期货及现货的数据进行分析,结果表明,中国玉米期货市场存在较强的价格发现功能,但套期保值绩效不佳。使用前沿分位信息份额模型和滚动格兰杰因果法分析中美两国期现货市场动态关系的区别,发现中国仅存期货市场对现货市场的单向引导,而美国在中美贸易摩擦前表现为玉米期现货市场具有相近的引导能力,套期保值效率较高,中美贸易摩擦增强了其现货市场对期货市场的引导能力,降低了期货市场运行效率。从期现货市场双向引导关系视角来看,中国玉米期货市场效率低的原因主要是现货市场的信息不完全、发展不完善,期现货市场缺少长期稳定的双向引导关系抑制了期货市场功能发挥。中国应全面加强期货市场建设,提升期货市场定价效率,推动农产品期货市场快速健康发展。     

空间信息传输中的多天线技术综述

近年来，空间信息传输中的多天线技术得到了广泛关注和大量研究。首先介绍了多天线技术的信息论基础和演进过程；然后综述了多天线通信和雷达技术的研究进展，包括多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)卫星通信技术、深空天线组阵技术、空间多维协同传输理论与技术、MIMO雷达技术和分布式孔径相参合成雷达技术，分析了其中的关键技术及未来可研究的方向；最后，总结了多天线技术在航天测控领域应用的优势，展望了基于多天线的测控技术。     

大跨度天基数据链的TDD时隙调度分析与优化

针对天基数据链系统卫星间的传播时延较大且节点间距离变化较大等特点，提出了一种提高时频资源利用率、提升系统容量、减小时延的方法。在时分多址与空分多址相结合的接入方式下，进行了时隙调度的分析与优化，利用卫星星座的空间复用与大跨度传播时延特性，采用时隙编排、收发状态调整、帧格式优化等手段，将信道利用率和系统容量提升了1倍，将卫星节点在某一方向获得服务的平均等待时间缩短为原来的1/4，提高了天基数据链系统的服务质量。     

变革中多渠道信息传递对员工绩效的影响机制

面对日趋复杂的外部环境,组织变革成为企业获得竞争力的重要方式。员工参与是组织变革成败的关键,充足的组织变革信息有利于员工积极投入变革。本文以社会信息加工理论为基础,对来自被兼并企业的36个工作团队185名员工进行研究,探索多渠道变革信息传递对员工的影响机制。基于多层次线性模型的数据分析结果表明:(1)变革情境下,组织正式渠道进行信息沟通和变革氛围包含的非正式信息,均能正向促进员工变革绩效;(2)员工所持有的积极变革期望,在多渠道信息传递和变革绩效间起到中介作用;(3)变革氛围跨层调节变革信息沟通对员工积极变革期望的正向作用,相比于低变革氛围情景,具有高变革氛围的团队,通过变革信息沟通更能显著提升员工对变革的积极期望。研究结论对企业变革实践中信息传递和沟通工作具有现实指导意义。